Vitamin A and its derivatives – retinoids, such as retinol and retinoic acid, are popular among aesthetic professionals for their powerful skin-enhancing effects. These treatments are known to improve overall skin quality, even out tone, and combat the visible signs of photoaging.
But what’s the science behind vitamin A? Who can benefit from it? How safe is it? This article answers these questions and more—but first, let’s take a closer look at how photoaging works.
THE MECHANISM OF SKIN PHOTOAGING
We are all familiar with skin aging: a natural, gradual decline in the production of structural proteins and antioxidants. As collagen and elastin levels decrease, the skin becomes less resilient and more prone to dryness, dullness, sagging, and wrinkles. This intrinsic process is referred to as chronological aging—an inevitable result of our internal biological clock. While we can’t stop it, we can certainly slow it down with consistent care.
Photoaging, however, is a more aggressive form of aging triggered by prolonged sun exposure. It exacerbates all the signs of chronological aging while adding its own layer of damage. The main culprit? Free radicals—unstable molecules generated by UV exposure. These molecules damage collagen and elastin fibers, impair cellular function, and compromise the skin’s protective barrier. At the same time, UV rays overstimulate melanocytes, leading to pigmentation disorders and uneven skin tone.
The signs of photoaging are easy to recognize:
- Deep wrinkles and folds.
- Loss of elasticity (elastosis).
- Uneven pigmentation.
- Dull, tired-looking skin.
- Prematurely aged appearance.
It is estimated that sun exposure accounts for nearly 90% of visible skin aging. While complete avoidance is not realistic or advisable—as sunlight plays a key role in vitamin D synthesis—exposure should be limited and always paired with appropriate photoprotection.
Learn more in our entry: Photoaging: How and why sun exposure accelerates the skin aging process.
HERE COMES VITAMIN A
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient, crucial for the proper functioning of the body. As a carotenoid, it is metabolized and converted into different active forms depending on the body’s needs. For the skin, it acts through retinoids, which interact with various cell types to stimulate renewal and repair.
Topical retinoids—such as retinol and retinoic acid—help to:
- Promote collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis.
- Improve stem cell differentiation.
- Balance sebum production.
- Stimulate cell turnover.
- Regulate tyrosinase activity (for even skin tone).
- Control inflammation.
As we age, the body becomes less efficient at converting vitamin A into active retinoids and prioritizes systemic functions. This is why topical formulations become increasingly important to support skin regeneration. Retinoids are also fundamental in acne treatment for preventing breakouts and regulating oil production.
TWO PRODUCTS FOR A SMOOTH EVEN SKIN TONE
For those seeking deep, visible results, INNO-EPIGEN Pigment Defense Serum and Dark Spot Eraser 24H Cream – offers a highly effective and well-tolerated solution. With over 15 years of clinical use, these two products combined feature a synergistic blend of active ingredients:
Key Ingredients
- Epigenetic Actives Blend – moderate gene expression to promote cellular health
- Niacinamide – increases hydration, reduces hyperpigmentation
- 3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid – stable vitamin C brightens and evens skin tone
- Azeloglicina – addresses uneven skin tone
- Retinol – boosts the production of elastin and collagen
- Bisabolol – visibly reduces the signs of aging
- Phytic Acid – reduces pigmentation and regulates melanin levels
- Glycolic Acid – promotes even exfoliation of the skin
- Salicylic Acid – unplugs pores
- Glucosamine Sulfate – inhibits melanin production
- Undecylenoyl Phenylalanine – blocks melanin formation to combat the appearance of hyperpigmentation
- Licorice Extract – dark spot fading properties, helps disperse and remove existing melanin in the skin
- Phytic Acid – reduces pigmentation and regulates melanin levels
Main Benefits
- Refines skin texture.
- Brightens and evens skin tone.
- Visibly reduces signs of photoaging.
- Enhances radiance and overall skin vitality.
WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM PIGMENT DEFENSE SERUM AND DARK SPOT ERASER?
This amazing combination of products are suitable for all skin types and is especially effective for:
- Photoaged skin
- Skin with obvious melasma or abnormal skin pigmentation
- Hyperpigmentation problems
- Prevention of dyschromias
Its mild yet effective formulation makes it ideal for those seeking progressive results with minimal downtime.
OBSERVED IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDE:
- Visible reduction in pigmentation.
- More uniform texture and tone.
- Softer, clearer, more radiant skin.
